Unlike the spectrum, we studied in Class 10 Physics, this is about Radio Spectrums, which are further divided into two categories, Licensed and Unlicensed Spectrums.
Spectrum is one of the most powerful resources that is shaping the tech industry. Since 5G is on the shore, it has become more important than ever for countries to allocate spectrum effectively and efficiently. In case you are not aware, spectrum is a range of radio waves that are used for communication purposes. In general, the spectrum is divided into two categories which are licensed and unlicensed spectrum.
What are Licensed and Unlicensed Spectrums?
Spectrum is a finite resource, and its efficient allocation is crucial to facilitate newer technologies in the future, just like 5G. When mobile network operators (MNO’s) take special licenses to operate with dedicated parts of the radio spectrum bands, it comes under the licensed spectrum. Except, the licensed operator, no one else is allowed to use that part of the spectrum band for any purpose. Since the MNOs have full rights over the radio spectrum, it will enable them to offer high and reliable transmission speed along with data security and stability.
On the contrary, Unlicensed Spectrum is not owned by any Mobile Network operator. There are no associated rules with Spectrum access. Nearly all the operators can use the spectrum band and deploy their services. Even though unlicensed spectrum offers flexibility, there are macro risks of interference and security in the network.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Licensed Spectrums
One of the biggest advantages MNOs receive from a licensed spectrum is efficiency. Licensed spectrum bands offer more flexibility to the operator in deploying their network to manage interference. As of disadvantage, other than the license, no one has the right to offer services in the licensed spectrum. The user gets totally dependent on the mobile network operator.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Unlicensed Spectrums
Since unlicensed Spectrum is free for all, users are not dependent on a single mobile network operator to use an unlicensed spectrum. However, talking about the disadvantage, interference management between adjacent users is slightly difficult than the licensed spectrum.